滴灌施肥次数对甜玉米生长及养分淋洗损失的影响

Effects of Different Fertigation Times on Growth of Sweet Maize and Nutrient Leaching Loss

采用田间试验方法,研究了滴灌施肥条件下不同追肥次数对甜玉米的生长、产量、品质及田间养分淋洗损失的影响。结果表明,与常规灌溉施肥处理相比,滴灌施肥处理能显著增加甜玉米的穗长、穗重和产量,并随着滴灌追肥次数的增加呈增加趋势,其中甜玉米产量增幅为10.27%~41.79%。不同处理对甜玉米的维生素C含量影响不显著,但对甜玉米的可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量影响显著。与常规灌溉施肥处理相比,滴灌施肥处理显著提高了肥料利用效率,其中追肥12次的T5处理氮、磷、钾、镁的养分利用率比常规施肥处理分别提高了97.20%、22.72%、116.45%和61.93%。常规施肥处理的地表径流和地下淋洗损失的氮、钾、镁分别为11.66%、8.90%、12.71%,显著高于滴灌施肥方式下各处理的养分损失率。表明在滴灌施肥条件下通过少量多次的施肥方式不仅有利于促进作物生长、提高产量,而且在减少养分的地表径流和地下淋洗损失、提高养分利用率等方面也起到重要作用。

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of fertigation frequency on growth,yield,and quality of sweet corn,and nutrient leaching losses. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization,fertigation treatment significantly increased ear length,ear weight and yield of sweet corn. The increasing trend ascended as the increase of fertigation times,and the yield of sweet corn was increased by 10. 27 %- 41. 79 %. There was no significant difference on vitamin C content of sweet corn among the treatments,but the soluble sugar and soluble solids content on sweet corn showed significant difference. Compared with conventional fertilization,fertigation treatment significantly improved fertilizer use efficiency. The nutrient use efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,magnesium in treatment of T5 increased by 97. 20 %,22. 72 %,116. 45 % and 61. 93 %. Surface runoff and subsurface leaching losses of nitrogen,potassium and magnesium in conventional fertilization were 11. 66 %,8. 90 % and 12. 71 %,significantly higher than those of fertigation treatments. It was indicated that high frequency of fertigation with less fertilizer application amount per time could not only promote crop growth and increase production,but also reduce the surface runoff and subsurface leaching losses,so as to increase the nutrient use efficiency.