南充农耕土壤养分丰缺状况及变化情况

Nutrient Status and Change Situation of Nanchong Cultivated Soil

利用四川省测土配方施肥项目调查资料,分析了南充市土壤丰缺现状,并比较了自1985年以来南充市农耕土壤p H值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷的变化情况。结果表明：南充市土壤整体养分情况较为平衡,土壤p H 3.8~8.6,黄壤和水稻土偏酸性的比例较高,土壤有机质17.57 g/kg,含量中等,土壤全氮值1.19 g/kg,含量中等偏上,土壤碱解氮96.50 mg/kg,含量中等,土壤有效磷9.87 mg/kg,含量总体较为适宜,速效钾96.6 mg/kg,含量中等偏下;自1985年以来,土壤p H范围向两级略有扩大,有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾均不同程度上升,虽土壤养分状况已较大程度改善,但有机质与速效钾含量偏低的现状仍存在,尤其是旱地,低肥力土壤面积较大。南充市水稻土宜控制氮肥,增施磷钾肥,防治土壤酸化;新积土、黄壤、紫色土宜培肥土壤、提高土壤综合肥力;潮土宜增施有机质,补充氮肥,防治土壤肥力退化。

Based on investigation data of Sichuan soil testing and fertilizer recommendation project,the nutrient status was analyzed and nutrient change situation including p H,organic matter,total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,effective phosphorus and available potassium was compared with the situation in 1985. The evaluation results showed that： The nutrient situation of Nanchong cultivated soil was relatively balanced as a whole. p H was in the range of 3. 8- 8. 6 and the proportion of acid soil was higher in yellow soil and paddy soil. The soil organic matter was 17. 57 g / kg which was in medium content. The content of total nitrogen was 1. 19 g / kg which was above the medium level.The content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen was 96. 50 mg / kg which was in medium content. The effective phosphorus content was 9. 87 mg /kg and it was relatively appropriate in general. The available potassium content was 96. 6 mg / kg which was below the medium level. Since1985,the p H range has slightly expanded to two terminals while the content of organic matter,total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,effective phosphorus and available potassium improved in different degree. Although soil nutrient conditions have been largely improved,the low status of organic matter and available potassium still existed,especially the dry land which the proportion of low fertility soil area was large. In paddy soil,we should control nitrogen fertilizer and increase phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer,the prevention of soil acidification was also necessary. The comprehensive fertility of Fluvo-aquie soil,yellow soil and purple soil should be improved. The organic matter and nitrogen should be added in alluvial soil to prevent fertility degradation.