扭转刚度测试方法及对构架疲劳强度影响

Influence of Torsional Rigidity on Fatigue Strength Reliability of Bogie Frame

根据构架在线路运行中的扭曲状态和标准JIS E 4207:2004《铁路车辆-转向架-转向架构架设计通则》中规定的构架扭转刚度测试方法提出改进的刚度测试方法,新的测试方法简单且实用性较强,误差有效地控制在7%之内。构架根据结构设计形式的不同分为管梁型构架及箱梁型构架。利用新的扭转刚度测试方法分别对管梁型构架及箱梁型构架进行扭转刚度测试,同时理论分析两种类型构架扭转刚度不同的原因。利用ANSYS仿真分析软件对两种类型的转向架构架进行仿真分析,得出:构架扭转刚度的大小主要取决于测量的横截面积及横梁的结构形式,管梁型结构构架扭转刚度小于箱梁型结构构架的扭转刚度;在构架受扭转变形影响较大的区域,如横梁与侧梁的连接位置,由于箱梁型构架扭转模态频率较高,其动应力幅值较管梁型构架要小。

Referring to state of distortion of bogie frame in the running line and the definition of the test method of bogie torsional stiffness according to the standard JIS E4207-2004 General rules for railway vehicle-bogie-bogie frame design, an improved torsional stiffness test method is proposed. The improved test method is more simple and practical, and errors can be effectively controlled within 7%. According to the different structural design forms, bogie frames are classified into box beam type and pipe beam type. By using the improved torsional stiffness test methods, these two types of bogie frames are tested, respectively. Meanwhile, the reasons for different torsional stiffness of the two types of bogie frames are analyzed from the theoretical perspective. Though simulation analysis on the two types of bogie frames with ANSYS software, conclusions are reached that the difference of the torsional stiffness of the bogie frames mainly depends on the cross-sectional area of the side beam under measurement and the structure types of the cross beam; torsional stiffness of frames in the structure of pipe beam is smaller than that in the structure of box beam; and the torsional mode frequency of box beam type is higher than that of pipe beam type, therefore, the dynamical stress amplitude of box beam type is smaller than that of pipe beam type in the area significantly influenced by the bogie torsional deformation, such as connection locations between cross and side beams.