护士组织气氛、心理授权与职业倦怠的关系研究

The impact of organizational climate and psychological empowerment on nurses' job burnout

目的研究护士感知的组织气氛、心理授权对其职业倦怠的影响,并建立其关系模型。方法采用护士组织气氛感知量表、心理授权量表和职业倦怠量表对639名护士进行调查。结果护士感知到的组织气氛总均分为(2.77±0.50)分;心理授权总均分为(3.49±0.51)分;职业倦怠中情感耗竭得分为(25.83±9.42)分,去人格化得分中位数为9分,低个人成就感得分为(28.30±8.17)分。组织气氛和心理授权对情感耗竭及去人格化均有显著的直接影响;且组织气氛能通过心理授权的中介作用,间接影响情感耗竭及去人格化。组织气氛对低成就感没有直接影响,但可通过心理授权间接影响低成就感。结论从组织层面采取措施,提高组织气氛,特别是充分信任护士、授权护士,能有效降低护士的职业倦怠,改善护理服务质量。

Objective To investigate the influence of nurses＇perceived organizational climate and psychological empowerment on nurses＇job burnout, and to establish a model of this influence. Methods A total of 639 nurses were recruited and investigated with Nurses＇Organizational Climate Scale, Psychological Empow- errnent Questionnaire（PEQ） and Maslaeh Burnout Inventory（MBI）. Results The mean score of nurses＇perceived organizational climate was （2.77 ± 0.50）, the mean score of psychological empowerment was （3.49 ±0.51 ） ,the score of emotional exhaustion was （25.83 ±9.42） ,the score of depersonalization was 9 ,and the score of diminished personal accomplishment was （28.30 ± 8.17 ）. Both organizational climate and psychological empewerment could negatively influence nurses＇e- motional exhaustion and depersonalization directly, and psychological empowerment played a partial mediating role in the correlation among organizational climate, e- motional exhaustion and depersonalization. There was not a direct influence between organization climate and diminished personal accomplishment,but organizational climate could indirectly influence diminished personal accomplishment mediated by psychological empowerment. Conclusion Improving organizational climate, trusting and delegating responsibility to nurse especilly,will be helpful to decrease the level of nurses＇job burnout,and improve the quality of nursing service.