游泳运动员“多巴-昆明”高原训练的训练特征及机能变化

Changes in Body Function and Training Characteristics for Swimmers During the “Duoba-Kunming”Altitude Training

传统的高原训练通常在一地进行,本研究尝试采用先在多巴进行2周训练,后到昆明进行2周训练的方式,以了解这种高原训练的训练特征和机能变化。采用实验法,对北京体育大学校游泳队7名健将级男子运动员进行跟踪观察并测试生理生化指标,训练时间为第12届全运会前10周。训练后运动员参加第12届全国运动会游泳比赛。结论如下:1)本次高原训练的训练学特征为:第1和第2阶段以有氧训练为主,负荷量较大;第3阶段重点在高强度无氧训练,负荷量减少;第4阶段以调整和恢复为主。2)本次高原训练对于运动员的基础心率并无显著性影响,体重在上高原3周后显著性下降,下高原后1周即恢复至平原水平。3)高原训练期间运动员的血红蛋白和血睾酮显著上升,说明高原环境和训练安排对运动员机体产生了适应性变化。4)在3个月时间内,7名高水平运动员全部提高运动成绩,说明这种全新的高原训练方式能够有效提高运动员成绩水平。

It＇s rare to see studies on altitude training carried out continuously in 2 altitudes. This study followed a10 weeks swimming altitude training program that included 2 weeks training in Duoba and another 2 weeks in Kun-ming before swimmers participated in the Chinese 12th National Games, to explore 7 swimmers＇ training character-istics and body function. Conclusions ： 1 ） The first and second phases of this training were mainly focusing on aer-obic training, and had high training volume; the third phase emphasized high intensity anaerobic exercise, re-duced training volume; the emphasis of the fourth phase was mainly adjustment and recovery. 2） Athletes＇ restheart rate didn＇t change in this altitude training program, their body weight decreased after 3 weeks altitude train-ing and was recovered to the plain level one week after returning to the plain. 3 ） During the altitude training peri-od, the athletes＇ hemoglobin and blood testosterone increased significantly, which indicated that athletes had goodadaptation to this training. 4） All 7 high level athletes improved their performance after this training, which sug-gested that this new altitude training is an effective way for athletes to improve their performance.