保证金账户担保的法律性质再认识——以《担保法司法解释》第85条为切入点

A Rethinking on Security Deposit Account——From the Perspective of Article 85 of Security Law Judicial Interpretation

保证金账户担保是以《担保法司法解释》第85条为现行法基本依据,该条在性质上将其认定为动产质押。现行法下保证金账户担保的成立需要满足书面合同、货币特定化、转移占有三个要件。目前关于其性质的认识主要有货币质押、权利质押、让与担保、约定抵销等学说。笔者认为其在三个方面与传统担保方式存在着明显不同,是一种应受商法或者经济法调整与规制的特殊担保类型。

The security deposit account is based on the Article 85 of Security Law Judicial Interpretation,which considers it as pledge of movables. In the positive law,it has three requirements-written contracts,specified currency and transfer of occupation. There are pledge of currency,pledge of rights,transferring guarantee,contractual set-off and other doctrines about its essence. It has three differences from traditional security types. Thus it should be designed as a special one regulated by commercial law or economic law.