昆虫体水分调控机制的研究进展

Advances in Understanding of the Mechanisms of Water Regulation of Insects

水是生命活动的基本介质,是发生积极生命活动所必需的条件之一。本文经综述了昆虫体水分调控机制的研究新进展。昆虫为适应不利的环境,逐渐形成了主要通过马氏管实现的对体内水分的多种调控机制:跨膜转运、穿细胞转运、逆向转运、缝隙转运和共同转运,起调控作用的成分主要为水分调节蛋白尤其是水通道蛋白、水分调节激素,并形成周期性活动习性以适应干燥的环境。

Water is the medium of life activities and one of the necessary conditions for the occurrence of positive life activities. Insects gradually form mechanisms to control total body water in order to adapt to the unfavorable environment after study of more than half a century of research on mechanism of water regulation of insect body. Water regulation of the insect body is mainly achieved through the malpighian tubule system. There are five main approaches: transmembrane transport, cells transport, antiport, reverse gap transport and co- transport. From a broad perspective, the most physiological and biochemical substances that regulate body water are mainly water regulation proteins, particularly the water channel proteins, the diuretic and antidiuretic hormones. Meanwhile, insects form periodic behaviors to adapt to the dry environment.