巴西世界杯参赛运动员年龄与身体形态特征的比较研究

Comparative research on interrelation between players' age and body shape in FIFA Brazil World Cup soccer match

采用文献资料、数据统计和比较分析等研究方法,对巴西世界杯足球赛决赛阶段736名参赛运动员的年龄、身高、体重和克托莱指数4个指标进行统计分析。结果表明:巴西世界杯运动员平均年龄26.85岁,平均身高181.64 cm,平均体重74.92 kg,平均克托莱指数412.02,与往届相比除平均身高呈增加的态势外,其他指标均呈减小的趋势;不同洲际运动员年龄与身体形态特征呈现鲜明的地域特点,平均年龄:美洲>欧洲>亚洲>非洲,平均身高:欧洲>亚洲>非洲>美洲,平均体重:欧洲>非洲>亚洲>美洲,平均克托莱指数:非洲>欧洲>亚洲>美洲;不同位置运动员年龄与身体形态特征具有显著的位置特点,其中,守门员与各个位置两两比较均呈显著性或非常显著性差异,并且各项指标最大,其次是后卫,最小的是中场队员,后卫队员的身体形态特征均数与中场队员和前锋相比其差异呈非常显著性,各项指标均大于中场队员和前锋,且中场队员各项指标最小;不同洲际守门员、后卫、中场队员仅在平均身高方面呈现显著性或非常显著性差异,而前锋队员的各项指标均不存在差异性。

The present paper, by adopting such approaches as literature review, statistics, and, comprehensive analysis, intends to make some statistical analysis on 4 indexes(age、height、weight and Quetelet index) of 736 athletes, who have taken part in the Brazil World Cup. The result shows that the average age is 26.85, the average height is 181.64 cm, the average weight is 74.92 kg, and the average Quetelet index is 412.02.Compared with the previous games, other indicators showed a decreasing trend in addition to the average height increasing trend. There is a distinct region characteristic among age and body shape in different continent,average age: American>European>Asian>African; average height: European>Asian>African>American; average weight: European>African>Asian>American; average Quetelet index: African>European>Asian>American; age and body shape of the players in the different position show the significant characteristics. Compared goalkeeper with other position player, every index is the maximum number with significant difference, followed by defender,while midfielder is the minimum number. Compared defenders with midfielder in terms of body shape, every index is bigger than midfielder and striker, and the midfielder is smallest. Goalkeeper、defender、midfielder only have a significant characteristic in the height, however, there is no differences in every index of striker.