水貂养殖舍中细菌气溶胶与气载内毒素检测

Detection of Bacterial Aerosol and Airborne Endotoxin in Mink Breeding Houses

[目的]本研究旨在了解水貂舍细菌气溶胶和气载内毒素对环境的污染及对饲养人员健康的潜在危害。[方法]采用Andersen-6空气收集器和AGI-30液体冲击式采样器对市郊不同饲养条件的2个水貂场6栋养殖舍内的细菌气溶胶和气载内毒素进行定期检测。[结果]两个场舍内气载需氧革兰氏阴性菌浓度分别介于4.17×10^1-2.43×10^3 CFU/m^3之间和4.27×10^1-5.1×10^3 CFU/m^3之间,以大肠杆菌科为主,假单胞菌属和巴斯德氏菌属次之;从革兰氏阴性菌在Andersen-6空气收集器层级上的分布规律来看,主要分布在Ⅲ级（36.9%）,气溶胶颗粒直径在2-6 mm之间。两个场舍内的气载内毒素浓度分别介于2.92×10^2-2.15×10^3 EU/m^3之间和2.67×10^1-2.56×10^2 EU/m^3之间。[结论]水貂舍内气溶胶颗粒可以进入到动物和人的支气管、细支气管,甚至肺泡,在一定程度上增加了水貂和饲养人员呼吸道疾病发生的可能性;气载内毒素的浓度部分超出了对人体无影响的推荐标准（1.0×10^2 EU/m^3）,可对水貂饲养人员的健康造成一定的危害;舍内气载革兰氏阴性菌与内毒素之间没有必然的相关性,表明空气中气载内毒素含量不能用空气中气载革兰氏阴性菌的含量来评估。

[Objective]The purpose of the study is to understand bacterial aerosol and airborne endotoxin pollution in the mink stables and the potential health hazards to mink breeders. [Methods]Concentrations of bacteria aerosol and airborne endotoxin were measured by Andersen-6 stage sampler and AGI-30（All Glass Impinger AGI-30） in six stables of two mink farms in the suburbs. [Results]Concentrations of airborne aerobic gram-negative bacteria were 4.17×10^1 to 2.43×10^3 CFU/m^3 and 4.27×10^1 to 5.1×10^3CFU/m^3 respectively in the two farms with Enterobacteriaceae as the predominant species flowed by Pasteurella and the Pseudomonas. The airborne gram-negative bacteria were mainly distributed in the Ⅲ stage（36.9%）of Andersen-6 stage sampler,with aerosol particle diameters ranging from 2μm to 6μm. Concentrations of airborne endotoxin in two mink farms were 2.92×10^2 to 2.15×10^3EU/m^3 and 2.67×10^1 to 2.56×10^2EU/m^3 respectively.[Conclusion]The pollution of aerosol aerobic gram-negative bacteria detected in the mink stables,although with very low concentration,would increase possibilities of minks and the breeders to suffer from respiratory diseases. Concentrations of airborne endotoxin was above the recommended standard for human health（1.0×10^2EU/m^3）and would have certain threat to the health of mink breeders. There is no inevitable correlation between the airborne gram-negative bacteria and endotoxins in mink houses,suggesting that airborne endotoxin concentrations can not be used to assess the concentration of gram-negative bacteria.