北京市西城区居民传染病相关知识、行为和技能现状调查

Knowledge, Behaviors and Skills Relating to Infectious Diseases among Residents in Xicheng District,Beijing

目的了解北京市西城区居民传染病相关知识、行为和技能现状,为制定有效的传染病健康教育和干预策略提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段系统抽样的方法抽取北京市西城区1 200名18岁及以上常住居民作为调查对象,进行问卷调查。结果"流感预防措施"、"甲肝的传播途径"、"发热判断标准"、"艾滋病传播途径"和"乙肝的传播途径"知识的知晓率分别为53.7%、44.8%、42.5%、39.6%和26.6%。"就餐时在意餐馆卫生"、"经常锻炼身体"、"流感疫苗注射"和"到发热门诊就诊戴口罩"行为的报告率分别为50.8%、28.5%、19.9%和18.7%。"能正确使用体温计"、"能看懂传染病宣传折页"、"能看懂药品说明书"、"能快速获取传染病知识"和"能看懂简单的化验单"技能的掌握率分别为75.8%、71.8%、69.3%、66.1%和59.0%。结论北京市西城区居民传染病相关知识知晓率、行为报告率和技能掌握率均较低,应加大对社区居民传染病相关知识的宣传。

OBJECTIVE To know the status of knowledge,behaviors and skills relating to infectious diseases among residents in Xicheng District,and provide scientific evidence for developing effective health education and intervention strategy of infectious diseases.METHODS A total of 1 200 residents aged above 18 years old were randomly selected with multi-stage system sampling method.Knowledge,behaviors and skills about infectious diseases were collected by questionnaire survey.RESULTS The awareness rate of the knowledge such as ＂the prevention measures of influenza＂, ＂the transmission of hepatitis A＂, ＂the criteria of fever＂, ＂the transmission of AIDS＂ and ＂the transmission of hepatitis B＂ were 53.7%,44.8%,42.5%,39.6%and 26.6%,respectively.The report rate of behaviors on ＂paying attention to sanitation of restaurant＂, ＂exercising regularly＂, ＂the injection of Influenza vaccine＂ and ＂using of face mask at fever clinics＂ were 50.8%,28.5%,19.9%and 18.7%,respectively.The master rate of skills relating to ＂using correctly thermometer＂, ＂understanding propaganda materials of infectious diseases＂, ＂understanding drugs instructions＂, ＂getting the desired knowledge about infectious diseases＂ and ＂understanding simple laboratory test reports＂ were 75.8%,71.8%,69.3%,66.1%and 59.0%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS Community residents are lack of related knowledge,health behaviors and skills of infectious diseases,specific health education should be developed among the residents.