秸秆还田对小麦-玉米产量及上下茬水分利用效率的影响

Effect of Straw Returned on Wheat-corn Yield and Fluctuation of Water Use Efficiency

通过3a定位试验，采用实地测产、水分平衡等方法，研究了秸秆还田对冬小麦和夏玉米产量与产量性状，以及土壤储水量、作物耗水量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：秸秆还田可降低小麦单位面积穗数、穗粒数以及玉米单位面积穗数，增加小麦千粒重以及玉米穗粒数和千粒重；秸秆还田处理的小麦-玉米周年产量较秸秆不还田处理增加1.1%，其中，小麦季减产3.3%，玉米季增产4.8%；秸秆还田处理的小麦季和玉米季各时期0~200 cm土体储水量均跃秸秆不还田处理，其中，小麦收获期至玉米播种期土壤储水量增加明显，增幅为4.6%；秸秆还田处理有利于减少小麦季和玉米季的作物耗水量，提高周年水分利用效率，但不利于小麦季作物水分利用率的提高。

This study through three years of experiments, such as field yield, water balance method to study the effect of straw returned on the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat and summer corn. The results showed that straw returned could reduce the number of spikes per unit area and the number of grains per spike of wheat and the number of spikes per unit area of corn,increase 1 000 grain weight of wheat and grain number per spike and 1 000 grain weight of corn. Wheat corn annual yield of straw returned increased by 1.1%,the field of wheat lost 3.3% and that of corn raised 4.8%. Soil water storage in 0-200 cm soil layer of straw returned at different periods was higher,the increasing of soil water stor-age from wheat harvest to maize seeding was obvious,the increasing rate was up to 4.6%.Straw returning treatment is beneficial to reduce crop water consumption in wheat and maize season, improve the annual water use efficiency,but is not conducive to the improvement of water use efficiency in wheat season.