大国兴起与衰落之径——弗兰克的中华帝国兴衰言说

The Rise and Fall of the Chinese Empire from Frank

在世界体系的马克思主义视野中,学者们关于中国封建社会的发展道路的理解是复杂的。阿明认为,中国封建社会的发展道路是一条建立在"纳贡模式"基础上的自主发展道路;阿瑞吉提出,它是一条建立在"国家市场经济模式"基础上的自主发展道路;沃勒斯坦则认为,它是一条建立在马克思·韦伯所说的"俸禄制"社会模式基础上的自主发展道路。有别于这三位学者的判断,弗兰克则提出,中华帝国走了一条不一样的发展道路,是一条建立在"同心圆"贸易模式基础上的自主平等发展道路,强调了体系性因素在中华帝国的兴起与衰落中所起的关键作用。可以说,弗兰克的判断具有某些原创性价值和启示意义。

In the world-system Marxism, it is complicated to understand the development mode of Chinese feudal society. Amin believes the development road of Chinese feudal society is based on the independent development mode; Arrighi pu^s forward the ＂national market economy mode＂ ; Wolestane believes it is one deriving from ＂salary system＂ social mode put forth by Max Weber. Unlike the judgment of the three modes, Frank proposes that the Chinese Empire takes a different path, a ＂concentric circle＂ trade mode based on the independent and equal development path, which emphasizes the key role of systematic factor in the rise and fall of the Chinese Empire. It can be said that Frank＇s judgment has some original value and Enlightenment significance.