现代汉语行业语语义泛化的内在原因探析

The Intrinsic Reasons for Semantic Generalization of Jargons in Modern Chinese Language

行业语的语义泛化是目前现代汉语中较为常见的现象,《现代汉语词典》(第6版)共收录有泛化用法的行业语501个,由分布情况来看,存在时间较为长久、与日常生活联系紧密是易泛化行业所具有的特征;从某一具体行业语来看,社会化程度和词义透明度是制约其泛化的两个因素;在泛化规律方面,语义完全透明的行业语,泛化义往往保留原义的特征或性状,比较隐晦和完全隐晦的,泛化义一般都有表面化倾向,而比较透明的则两种情况兼而有之。

The semantic generalization of jargons is universal in modern Chinese language. The Modern Chinese Dictionary（ 6thedition） includes 501 jargons with semantic generalization. In terms of distribution,these jargons have characteristics of long existing time and close relations with daily life; in terms of specific jargons, the degree of socialization and semantic transparency are two factors influencing semantic generalization;in terms of the generalization rule,those jargons with complete semantic transparency retain their characteristics in the generalization,while those with some or high degree of obscureness tend to retain the surface meaning in the generalization. And both situations occur in the jargons with some degree of semantic transparency.