中国、朝鲜等东方移民与俄罗斯远东开发

The Orient Immigrants of China and North Korea in Russian Far East Development

中国、朝鲜等东方移民早在19世纪中期开始就因生活所迫移民俄罗斯远东,20世纪初,两国的政治移民剧增。俄罗斯远东政府对中、朝移民的态度和认知有所不同,认为中国人野蛮,难于管制,而朝鲜人本分,便于管理。尽管如此,中朝等东方移民都为俄罗斯远东的开发和建设做出了巨大的贡献。20世纪90年代,新一轮的东方移民潮开始,中国"人口扩张论"甚嚣尘上。现实并非重复历史,这次移民的主体成分、移民动机和数量都发生了变化,主要是劳务输出、商贸、求学和文化交流,以中国移民居多,并且中、韩、日在此展开新的博弈。正确的认识是,俄罗斯远东的真正开发离不开东方移民的鼎力参与,而东方移民的利益诉求也需借助于俄罗斯远东大开发的机遇。

There was a trend of immigration to Russian Far East in mid-19th century of impoverished oriental immigrants of Ancient China and North Korea. In the beginning of 20th century, the number of political immigrants of these two countries grew even higher. Russian Far Eastern government had different cognition and attitudes to- wards Chinese and North Korean immigrants, assuming former to be barbarous and hard to manage and latter docile and easy to control, in spite of which, both immigrants of China and North Korea had made significant contribution to the development and construction of Russian Far East. An outrageous＂China population expansion＂ theory came with a new round of oriental immigration trend in 1990s. Nevertheless, history is not always repeated. The consti- tution, motivation and number of today＇ s immigration has greatly varied, mainly in labor output, commercial exchanges, education and cultural communication. Chinese immigrants outweighs while a new gaming began among China, South Korea and Japan. It is wise to recognize that the thorough development of Russian Far East is indispensable to the contribution of oriental immigrants, whose interests, meanwhile, reciprocally rely on the former.