耳鼻咽喉科疾病与儿童咳嗽相关性分析

Correlational analyses between otolaryngological diseases and children cough

目的探讨耳鼻咽喉科疾病与儿童咳嗽的相关性及相关程度,为临床诊断儿童咳嗽的病因提供参考。方法收集2012年4月~2013年6月以咳嗽为主诉或主诉中伴有咳嗽的393例患儿的临床资料,分析耳鼻咽喉科疾病与儿童咳嗽的相关性。结果 393例患儿中主要病因为鼻部疾病55.72%（219/393）,其中包括变应性鼻炎180例,慢性鼻炎33例（合并鼻息肉12例）,鼻腔异物合并感染6例;鼻咽口咽喉咽部疾病38.17%（150/393例）,其中包括扁桃体、腺样体肥大138例,咽淋巴滤泡增生7例,咽后壁囊肿1例,会厌舌根囊肿4例。食管异物20例,食管化学伤3例,双耳外耳道异物1例。结论鼻部疾病是导致儿童咳嗽的首要病因（55.72%）,其次为咽喉部疾病（38.16%）,食管异物、食管化学伤等其他疾病（6.10%）位居第3位。

Objective To discuss the correlations between otolaryngological diseases and children cough as well as their intensities,and to provide more references concerning causes of children cough. Methods Clinical data of 393 children with cough as chief complaint and seeing doctors in our hospital from April 2012 to June 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among the 393 children,219（ 55. 72 %） suffered from nasal diseases including allergic rhinitis（ 180）,chronic rhinitis（ 33,12 accompanied with nasal polyp）,nasal foreign body accompanied with infection（ 6）.Pharyngeal diseases were found in 150 cases（ 38. 16%）,including hypertrophy of tonsils and adenoidal hypertrophy（ 138）,folliculosis（ 7） and cyst（ 1） of posterior pharyngeal wall,cyst of epiglottis and tongue root（ 4）. In addition,20 children suffered from esophageal foreign body and 3 from chemical injury of esophagus. Conclusion Nasal diseases are the main causes of children cough. Pharyngeal diseases rank second,and esophageal foreign body / chemical injury rank third.