居民对热浪健康防护相关措施的支付意愿调查研究

Willingness to pay(WTP) for preventive measures of heat wave adverse effects on health in Beijing

目的了解公众对热浪健康防护相关措施的实际需求,分析居民对不同类型防护措施的偏好程度及相关原因,为我国开展热浪健康防护相关措施的工作提供必要的科学依据。方法于2013年在北京市城区A和郊区B开展基于条件价值法的居民对热浪健康防护措施的支付意愿问卷调查,采用多阶段分层抽样、入户调查形式,调查措施提供方为政府或市场时,居民对预警、市政、宣传、应急四项措施的支付意愿。结果共调查1 227人,其中城区A 636人,郊区B 591人;当防护措施的提供方为政府时,城区A和郊区B居民的支付率分别为31.6%和51.6%;当防护措施的提供方为市场时,城区A和郊区B居民的支付率分别为32.0%和47.4%。无论是政府还是市场提供热浪健康防护相关措施,两区居民的支付金额集中于40元/(人·年)。综合支付率与支付金额结果,两区居民对政府提供措施的支付意愿大于市场;居民对应急措施的支付意愿较高,对宣传措施的支付意愿较低。当措施的提供方为政府时,居民不愿意支付费用的原因选择最多的是"政府的责任,费用应该由政府承担";当措施的提供方为市场时,居民不愿意支付费用的原因选择最多的为"市场应该免费为公众提供此项措施";原因选择率位居第二的均为"收入问题"。结论社会亟需向公众提供热浪健康影响的防护相关措施。虽然优先考虑由政府提供相关措施,但也可吸纳市场上的机构来提供相似的服务。社会在向公众提供热浪健康防护相关措施时,应优先考虑提供加强市政工程和建设城市热浪应急场所等措施。

Objective To undestand the public＇s willingness to pay（WTP） of preventive measures of heat wave adverse effects on health in Beijing and to explore whether government or market is the better provider of those measures and what measures would be the most popular ones and why. Methods Contingent valuation method（CVM） was used to know the WTP of public.A cross-sectional household face to face survey was completed by 636 urban long-term residents and 591 rural long-term residents aged 15-79 from Beijing, China, using multi-stage stratified sampling method. The questionnaire contented developing early warning systems, constructing municipal engineering, expanding the publicity and building emergency shelters of heat wave, which would be provided by government or market. Results The payment rate on preventive measures for government by urban residents was 31.6%, and by rural residents was 51.6%; The payment rate for market by urban residents was 32.0%, and by rural residents was 47.4%. Most of the residents were willing to pay 40 CNY per capita annually for these measures. The residents preferred the government to the market providing the measures. The cause chosen by most of residents for unwilling to pay was that the residents thought the government or the market should provide the measures to the public freely. Conclusion The society needs to provide preventive measures of heat wave adverse effects on health as soon as possible. Although the government has the priority to provide the measures traditionally, the similar services provided by the market will be also accepted by the public. The preventive measures such as constructing municipal engineering and building emergency shelters should be provided firstly.