我国南北典型省份农村饮用水中农药残留的现状调查

Investigation on pesticides residues in rural drinking water in typical provinces of north and south China

目的了解我国南北典型地区农村饮用水中农药残留的现状与差异。方法于2014年的农药喷撒高峰期(4—8月),对北方A省和南方B省9个市(县、区)的农村饮用水中6种农药(毒死蜱、敌敌畏、乙草胺、丁草胺、莠去津、多菌灵)残留进行检测。结果毒死蜱、敌敌畏、乙草胺、丁草胺、莠去津和多菌灵在A省均有检出,检出率分别为98.2%(108/110),46.4%(51/110),95.5%(105/110),83.6%(92/110),20.9%(23/110),0.9%(1/110);B省仅检出乙草胺、莠去津和多菌灵,检出率分别为1.8%(1/57),3.5%(2/57),45.6%(26/57)。A省水样中毒死蜱、敌敌畏、乙草胺、丁草胺、莠去津的检出率远高于B省,而B省水样中多菌灵的检出率高于A省。水中农药的检出率总体上都随着施药点距离的增加而降低。这6种农药中,仅敌敌畏出现超标,且超标水样分布在A省的一县和一市,超标率分别为5.71%(2/35)和43.75%(14/32)。结论在施药期间,A省和B省某些农村饮用水中存在农药残留,且A省部分地区存在敌敌畏超标现象。

Objective To understand the current status and differences of pesticide residues in rural drinking water in the typical regions of China. Methods In the peak period of pesticide spray in 2014（April to August）, rural drinking water samples from nine cities （counties, districts） in a north province A and a south province B in China were analyzed for six kinds of pesticides （chlorpyrifos,dichlorvos,acetochlor,butachlor,atrazine,carbendazim）. Results Chlorpyrifos,dichlorvos,acetochlor, butachlor,atrazine,earbendazim were all detected in province A, and the detection rate were 98.2% （108/110）,46.4% （51/110）, 95.5% （105/110）,83.6% （92/110）,20.9% （23/110） and 0.9% （1/110）respectively. Acetochlor,atrazine and carbendazim were detected in province B,and the detection rate were 1.8%（1/57）,3.5%（2/57） and 45.6%（26/57） respectively. The detection rate of chlorpyrifos,diehlorvos,acetochlor,butachlor and atrazine in province A were much higher than that of province B, and the detection rate of carbendazi in province B was significantly higher than that of province A. The detection rate of pesticide in water generally increased with the decrease of distance from spraying site to sampling site. Among the six kinds of pesticides which were investigated, only dichlorvos appeared out of limit, and the disqualified water samples were distributed in a county and a city in province A, the exceeding standard rates were 5.71% （2/35） and 43.75% （14/32） respectively. Conclusion In the period of application, the pesticide residues were detected in some rural drinking water in province A and B, and the levels of dichlorvos exceed the standard limit in some areas of province A.