从“诗意的生存”到“生存的诗意”——古代神话自然观的历史演变

From the“Poetic Being”to the“Poetry of Being”——The Historical Evolution of Ancient Mythic Cosmology

古代的神话在其产生之初,其角色与今天全然不同,它不仅只是文学和艺术的作品,而是作为一种对生存世界的理解和解释方式。随着人类认识的发展,理性自然观逐步建立,神话观点受到根本的动摇,淡出人类主流的认识方式。然而神话思维并未因此退出人类认识范畴。神从直接的因果联系中退隐而出,却仍作为更上层原因隐现着;神从可视的自然中退隐而出,却仍居留在思想的更深层,泛化为无处不在的神性,栖身于哲学和宗教之中。而神话的社会角色也从"诗意的生存"转化为"生存的诗意",作为人们想象力、创造力和鉴赏力的结晶,回归到其文学和艺术的本位。

The ancient myth was not only the works of literature and art, but the explanation of the world. In the myth, the Nature was personified. It was thought as human body, controlled by spirits. The mythic cosmology which is characterized panpsychism and worship of Nature was then formed. It was a comprehension of the existence which was imbued with human emotion and expectation,and therefore it presented a scene about the poetic being. However,along with the evolution of human＇s cognitive ability,the rational cosmology in which the spirits had been no longer needed to explain the behaviors of the Nature emerged. Though the mythic cosmology had stepped down from the stage of history,the mythic factor had not yet been eliminated from human thought.Deities quitted from the Nature but migrated in the deep mind of people. Physical divinities transformed into intangible divine attributes. They resided in philosophy and eventually were deconstructed by reason. Therefore, the role of myth has been turned from the poetic being into the poetry of being.