试析朝鲜族跨国人口流动的新变化——以延边朝鲜族聚居区为例

Analysis of New Changes of Korean's Transitional Migration——A Case Study of Yabian's Korean Nationality Ghetto

自1992年中韩建交和两国经济文化交流加强以来,中国朝鲜族社会一个最大的变化就是跨国(赴韩)流动人口规模的迅速膨胀。从总体上来看,朝鲜族跨国人口流动呈现出总量多、周期长、单向型的特点,但是经过二十多年,随着中国社会经济的巨大发展和韩国政府海外韩人政策的调整,朝鲜族的跨国流动呈现出新的变化:一是从过去单纯追求经济利益,转向追求经济利益和个人发展并行;二是从合法与非法流动渠道交织在一起,转向基本合法的流动渠道;三是从过去的单向型外流,转向"候鸟型"流动;四是从过去在韩国被歧视和被"污名化"的境遇,转向逐渐提升自身抗边缘化的能力;五是从流动人员结构来看,朝鲜族女性仍是主力军。

Since the establishment of Sino-Korean diplomatic relations in 1992 and with the rapid development of economic and cultural exchanges between China and ROK, one of the most dramatic changes in Korean Chinese society is the rapid expansion of emigration population. In general, the Korean Chinese migration showed large quantity, long periodicity and unidirectivity. However, during more than twenty years of migration process, with the improvement of overseas Korean immigration policy of ROK＇s government and Chinese rapid economic development, some changes happened as the following： from the quest only for economic interests to combine economic interests with individual development; from legal and illegal migration channels combined to basically legal; from unidirectional to pendulum; from discriminated and stigamatized in ROK to gradually promote anti- marginalization ability; and still there is the trend that Korean Chinese women are still the main force in the transmigration group.