社区综合干预对高血压患者预防脑卒中知信行的影响

Effect of community-based comprehensive intervention on stroke-prevention-related knowledge, belief and behavior of hypertensive patients

目的探讨社区综合干预对高血压患者预防脑卒中知信行的影响。方法对70例高血压患者实施为期1年的社区综合干预,包括建立健康档案、进行高血压分级管理、定期随访及采用多种形式的健康教育。干预前后采用脑卒中预防知识问卷(stroke-prevention knowledge questionnaire,SPKQ)、健康信念量表(Champion′s health belief model scale,CHBMS)、预防脑卒中健康行为问卷(stroke-prevention behavior questionnaire,SPBQ)对患者进行测评。结果干预后患者的生活起居及卒中先兆知识、患者的部分健康行为(健康责任、运动锻炼、压力管理)优于干预前(均P<0.05);预防脑卒中相关的其他知识、行为及健康信念,干预前后比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论社区综合干预可提高患者的生活起居及卒中先兆知识,提高患者的健康责任、运动锻炼和压力管理行为,但未能提高高血压患者的预防脑卒中健康信念。建议运用生态学理论及健康信念模式,进一步完善社区综合干预方案,从而提高高血压患者预防脑卒中的知识、行为和信念。

Objective To explore the effect of community comprehensive intervention on stroke-prevention-related knowledge, belief and behavior of hypertensive patients. Methods The community-based comprehensive interventions were done to 77 hypertensive patients, with the measures including archives establishment, hypertension-phased management, regular follow-up and multi-mode health education. The stroke-prevention-related knowledge, belief and behavior of them were assessed by the stroke-preventing knowledge questionnaire （SPKQ）, champion＇ s health belief model scale （CHBMS） and （ stroke-prevention behavior questionnaire, SPBQ ） before and after the intervention. Results Their knowledge on daily-life and pre-stroke symptoms and part of their behaviors （health duty, physical exercises and stress management after the intervention were superior, as compared to the pre-intervention （P 〈 0.05 ）. There were no significant differences in other stroke-related knowledge and behaviors and health belief in comparison of the pre- and post-intervention （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion The community-based intervention can improve parts of stroke prevention knowledge and health behavior among hypertensive patients. The intervention needs to be modified based on ecological models of health promotion and health belief model.