有机无机肥配施对湖南省晚稻生长、产量及土壤生物学特性的影响

Effects of combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice and soil biological characters in paddy soils

在施肥按照全N 180 kg·hm-2、K2O 120 kg·hm-2、P2O5不低于90 kg·hm-2的条件下,研究了有机与无机肥的不同比例配施对水稻生长、产量、土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响。结果表明,当季有机无机肥中的氮素比例为3∶7(T3)时,其理论产量和实际产量都最大,并显著高于其他处理,相比全施化肥的处理(T1),其理论产量提高了27.71%,实际产量提高了14.67%;其微生物(细菌、真菌和放线菌)数量除了分蘖期的细菌和真菌外都显著高于其他处理;其水稻成熟期的土壤过氧化氢酶活性、脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性最大,并显著高于其他处理。因此,在一定的施肥条件下,有机无机肥的合理配施,可以显著增加水稻的产量,增加土壤微生物数量,提高土壤酶活性,达到培肥的目的。

The effects of the different proportions of manure and chemical fertilizer on rice growth,yield,soil microorganism quantity and soil enzyme activity was studied with N 180 kg·hm- 2,K2 O 120 kg·hm- 2,not less than P2O590 kg·hm- 2.The results showed that for the combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer according to the proportion of nitrogen of3∶ 7（ T3）,the theoretical and practical yield were the maximum and significantly higher than other treatments,compared with the chemical fertilizer treatment（ T1）,the theoretical and practical yield increased by 27. 71% and 14. 67% respectively.The amounts of microorganisms（ bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes） were significantly higher than other treatments except bacteria and fungi in tillering stage. The soil catalase enzyme activity,urinary enzyme activity and invertase activity were maximum in rice mature period,and significantly higher than other treatments. Therefore,with certain rate of fertilization,appropriate combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer could significantly increase rice yield,improve soil microorganism quantity and soil enzyme activities,to increase soil fertility.