论王尔德的唯美主义思想

On Oscar Wilde's Aestheticism

王尔德的唯美主义是一个常新的话题。近年来,随着文学商品化风潮的来临,不少研究者对王尔德的唯美主义艺术的"纯度"提出了质疑,认为其导向的主要是以个体需求为主的现世享乐和功利主义。王尔德的唯美主义在表象上具有享乐、功利和游戏的特征,这种特征具体到生活中,就是以奢华的穿着打扮和风流洒脱、纨绔子弟的形象示人;表现在文学艺术上就是排斥主题,倡导对形式的精雕细琢,绝对以技巧为上。其实,王尔德的唯美主义并非如此简单。其审美内核直指西方的文化传统,其根须一直延伸到了柏拉图的"理念"中。这种精神上的一脉相承,决定了王尔德的唯美主义不能用世俗和功利来概括。相反,它具有超越世俗和功利,走向永恒的精神需求。

Oscar Wilde＇ s Idea of Aestheticism is an ever new topic. With the appearance of commoditization of literature, quite a few scholars have called the ＂purity＂ of Wilde＇ s aestheticism into question, contending that the main idea in Wilde＇ s aestheticism is the hedonism and utilitarianism. The author of the present paper maintains that on the surface, Wilde＇ s aestheticism is featured with hedonism and utilitarianism that finds expression mainly in the life style of foppery he adopted, and with rejection of efforts to express ideas and advocacy of the importance of finely-crafted forms in terms of art and literature. However, in depth, Wilde＇ s aestheticism can trace well back to Plato and therefore, we cannot summarize his aestheticism simply from a mundane and utilitarian perspective. However, in effect his aestheticism transcends the mundaneness and utilitarianism and marches towards eternal spiritual pursuit. The author of the present paper attempts to argue about that by discussing some relevant issues such as beauty, art and characteristics Wilde discussed in his essays, the beauty of form and beauty of idea Wilde advocated and the relationship between Wilde＇ s aestheticism and Plato＇s aesthetic ideas.