基于PID可编程控制器的小麦收割机机械式自动变速箱档位控制设计研究

Research on the shift position control of automatic mechanical transmission of wheat harvester based on PID programmable controller

AMT作为自动变速器中的一种,具有结构简单、操纵方便、传动效率高、成本低等特点,在变速箱的设计中具有广泛的应用。为了提高小麦收割机的自动化程度和对不同收割作业环境的自适应能力,提升收割机的作业效率,本文在小麦收割机机械式自动变速箱档位的设计过程中提出了一种PID可编程控制算法,并结合遗传算法建立了PID控制器的数学模型,编制了PID控制程序。为了验证档位速比的可行性,将从最低到最高的6个档位的速比转换为喂入量,利用FLUENT软件对不同喂入量下的收割模块进行了数值仿真模拟计算,通过反复计算对档速比进行优化设计;最后将参数引入PID控制器的优化过程中,实现了变速箱档位的自动调节,为小麦收割机变速箱的设计提供较有价值的参考。

As one of the automatic transmission,AMT has the advantages of simple structure,convenient operation,high transmission efficiency and low cost.In order to improve the automation level of wheat harvester,its adaptability to different harvesting operation environment,and the operating efficiency of the harvester,a PID programmable control algorithm was proposed in the design of the mechanical automatic transmission.The PID controller mathematic model was established combining the genetic algorithm.In order to verify the feasibility of the gear ratio,the 6gear ratios from the minimum to the maximum were converted into the feed quantity.The FLUENT software was used to simulate the cutting modules with different feed rates.At last,the parameters were introduced into the PID controller,and the automatic adjustment of the gear box was realized,which provides a valuable reference for the design of the gearbox.