水稻三种灌排模式的节水增产和改善土壤肥力效果比较分析

Investigations of water saving,yield increasing and soil fertility improving with three irrigation-drainage modes of rice

水稻生态灌排模式对改善农田生态环境和保障水稻生产可持续发展具有重要的作用。在南京淳东灌区采用田间小区试验对水稻＂控灌中蓄＂灌排新模式进行试验研究,观测淹灌、浅湿灌和控灌中蓄三种不同的灌水模式结合晒田程度（轻晒和重晒）条件下降雨的利用率、土壤含水量和水稻产量、土壤速效N和速效P等指标。初步的试验结果表明,控灌中蓄灌溉模式较淹灌处理节水幅度平均达47.2%,控灌中蓄处理的降雨利用率和水分生产效率为最大,分别达到47.8%和1.30kg·m-3,同时控灌中蓄灌溉模式下土壤氧化还原电位和速效性养分较为适宜,水稻实际产量比淹灌增产19.9%~46.6%。水稻控灌中蓄灌排模式在节水、增产和改善农田生态环境中有着显著作用。

The ecological irrigation and drainage modes of rice have important practical significance for improving the agricultural ecological environment and ensuring the sustainable development of rice production.A new rice irrigation and drainage mode named＂Mid-gathering Irrigation＂was conducted in the paddy fields of Chundong Irrigation District.The utilization of rainfall,soil moisture content and rice yield,soil available N and available P and other indicators were studied under three different irrigation modes（including basin irrigation,shallow irrigation and mid-gathering irrigation）with two field drying degrees（including light and heavy drying）.The water saving effect of mid-gathering irrigation was averaged 47.2% higher than that of basin irrigation;the mid-gathering irrigation had the highest utilization of rainfall and water productivity,which was 47.8%and 1.30kg/m3respectively;the soil Eh and available nutrients were appropriate under the mid-gathering irrigation;the harvest rice yield of mid-gathering irrigation was 19.9%~46.6% higher than that of basin irrigation.This research shows that mid-gathering irrigation has important significance in water saving,yield increase and ecological environment improving.