中国民歌文化景观基因空间分布特征及形成机理

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Cultural Landscape of Chinese Folk Song

民歌作为中国传统民间文化的艺术代表之一,是在特定地域空间上的景观文化表达。文章根据景观基因理论从本体形态和文化环境2个维度,识别民歌文化景观的基因结构,并结合定量数据分析民歌文化景观基因的空间分布特征。结果表明:就体裁而言,号子主要分布于平原区域,山歌分布于山地,而小调则分布于东部地区长江流域;就题材而言,劳动生产类民歌分布于精耕细作的东部地区,爱情婚姻类民歌分布于远离中原文化的地区;音韵特点而言,徵调式民歌所占比重最大,羽调次之,而角调最少。少数民族的民歌主要分布于西北西南和东北等少数民族人口较多的地区。表演形式也因地域差别具有较大差异。民歌文化景观的形成是人与地理环境相互作用的结果,不同地理环境的居民形成不同的感知空间,从而创造出具有地域文化符号特征的地方民歌。

As one of the representative art of Chinese traditional culture, folk songs are expressed as landscape culture in a specific geographical space. According to the concept of landscape-gene, we can identify the genetic structure of folk song cultural landscape from two dimensions such as ontology morphology and cultural environment. In the perspective of gene, combined with descriptive statistical analysis from Chinese folk songs Anthology, this paper derives spatial distribution characteristics of folk song cultural landscape. In addition, the paper proposes a new viewing angle to interpret the internal mechanism of the folk song landscape. In perspective of cultural geography, human, space, symbolic representation and the landscape image construct an intact system, in which any elements are connected to each other. Advocating the research and protecting the folk song cultural landscape have a very important role in cultural continuation and tourism development in China.