辛亥革命时期的谣言研究:基于《申报》史料的记载

A Research on the Rumors of the Revolution of 1911 Era:Based on the Historical Records from Shenbao

辛亥革命时期的谣言是时代造就的产物,并在公众舆论中具有一定的影响力。谣言作为一种社会文化现象,为剖析清末历史情状的视角之一。辛亥革命时期,清政府固守专制传统,钳制舆论。由于国家治理能力低效,对于谣言防控不力,加之地方上的天灾人祸,民智未开,给谣言的产生与传播培植了温床。革命党人利用谣言,制造舆论优势,甚至刻意赞颂革命,离间清廷上下。《申报》作为当时具有全国影响力的舆论媒体,刊登大量的谣言反映时代景象和民众的社会心理,不自觉地成为谣言发挥影响力的舆论载体。而《申报》努力辟谣,追求新闻报道的真实性亦成为媒体自身发展的内在条件。《申报》记载的谣言史料为窥探清末时期的社会文化提供了新的视野。

The rumors in the Revolution of 1911 era are the result of times and exert a great influence on the public opinions. Rumor is a social culture which grants a research view for the study of the Qing Dynasty history. During this period the Qing government defended the old traditions and suppressed the public opinions which resuited in the low national governance competence to monitor rumors. Besides, those natural and man - made disasters in the local and the people of least education produced a seedbed for the rumors＇ existence and spread. The revolution party members exploited the rumors to create an advantage of public opinions, mainly through painstak- ingly praising the revolution and alienating the whole Qing government. As one of the greatest influential news media, Shenbao on the one hand published many rumors to reflect the time phenomenon and the people＇ s social psychology; on the other hand made itself become the carrier of the rumors. The efforts from Shenbao to eliminate the rumors and its seeking for news truth ＇also become the inner conditions of the paper＇ s development. The records of rumors by Shenbao supply a fresh view - sight for looking into the social culture in the period of late Qing Dynas