涝害对烤烟产量和化学成分的影响研究

A Study on the Effect of Waterlogging on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Flue- Cured Tobacco

在烤烟诸多生育期中,团棵期、旺长期和现蕾期受土壤水分影响最大,水分偏多或不足是抑制产量和质量的主要影响因子。研究其三个生育期对水分敏感程度,对大田的水分管理有重要意义。本试验材料为云烟87,盆栽种植,在烤烟团棵期、旺长期和现蕾期分别设置受涝时间120 h、72 h、48 h、24 h,结果表明:涝害对团棵期产量影响最大,受涝120 h,产量减少83%,而旺长期和现蕾期只减产73%和79%。涝害对旺长期的总氮影响最大,受涝72 h,总氮上升了33%,而团棵期和现蕾期只上升22%。烟碱、还原糖、总钾、总磷含量均在下降,其中旺长期的烟碱含量下降87%。云烟87不耐涝,受涝3 d,引起水分胁迫,超过3 d,植株生长受阻,甚至死亡。

In many flue-cured tobacco growth periods,soil moisture has the largest effect in the rosette stage,flourishing stage and budding stage. Too much or lack of water is the main inhibiting factor in yield and quality. Study on the water sensitivity in the three stages was of great significance in the field water management. Taking Yunyan 87 as the material,a pot test was carried out,the tobacco in the rosette stage,flourishing stage and budding stage was treated with different waterlogging levels,the waterlogging period were 24 h,48 h,72 h and 120 h. The results showed that： waterlogging had the greatest effect on yield in the rosette stage,waterlogging for 120 h reduced production by 83%,but waterlogging in the rosette stage,and flourishing stage only lost 73% and 79% of production. Waterlogging had greatest impact on total nitrogen in the flourishing stage,waterlogging for 72 h,increased total nitrogen by 33%,but in the rosette stage and the budding stage,it only increased by 22%. Nicotine,reducing sugar,total potassium and total phosphorus contents were on the decline.In the flourishing stage the content of nicotine reduced by 87%. Yunyan87 is not resistant to waterlogging,3 d waterlogging,caused water stress,longer than 3d waterlogging caused growth block,even death to the plant.