哲学前提的反思与马克思主义辩证法的当代理解视野

Reflection on Philosophical Premise and Contemporary Perspective of Marxist Dialectics

马克思主义辩证法的当代形态究竟是什么?答案在于对哲学前提的反思。经典马克思主义辩证法走过了一个超越德国古典辩证法反思传统走向对哲学现实前提反思追问重构的过程,最终形成了作为对现代性历史前提进行反思的社会批判理论的辩证法。马克思逝世之后,他的辩证法思想变成了一份充满着歧义而沉重的遗产。先是第二国际回避辩证法问题,而后来苏联马克思主义与西方马克思主义各自走向了不同的道路。在此过程中,辩证法经历了从主客体辩证法到人学辩证法,到结构辩证法,再到空间辩证法的多次转变。面对辩证法的多元化发展与实际上分裂的格局,针对后现代主义与新自由主义不谋而合的对辩证法总体性逻辑的挑战,辩证法的当代形态重建仍然是一桩"道在途中"的未竟之业。其根本出路仍然在于回到历史与当代世界现实本身这个批判性前提上来。

What on earth is the contemporary pattern of Marxist dialectics? The answer is to the reflection on philosophical premise. The classic Marxist dialectics underwent reflection tradition of trans-German classic dialectics, and is going forward to the process of reflection and reconstruction of philosophical reality premise. Finally the social criticism dialectics had been formed which reflected on contemporary history.After Marx deceased, his dialectical thought has become an ambiguous and heavy heritage. At first, the Second International avoided dialectical issues, then Soviet Marxism and Western Marxism took different paths. In this process, dialectics went through many transforms from dialectics of subject and object, to humanism dialectics, to structural dialectics and to spatial dialectics. In the face of diversified development and actual split situation of dialectics, and challenges from post-modernism and neo-liberalism to the general logic of dialectics,the reconstruction of contemporary pattern of dialectics still has a long way to go. The fundamental way out is to come to critical premise of history and contemporary world reality.