北京市老字号企业的空间集聚分析

Analysis on the Spatial Agglomeration of the Time-honored Enterprises in Beijing

近年来,老字号的保护和发展问题受到学术界和社会各界的广泛关注。文章从空间角度出发,梳理清代北京老字号的空间集聚;采用GIS空间分析和Crime Stat热点分析,刻画出北京现存老字号的空间集聚特征;并对比分析了两个时期的变化。研究发现,一是清朝时期的老字号已经在内外城均有集聚,大致有9个主要的集聚区;二是现存的老字号可以划分出15个主要集聚区,下含3个传统高等级商业中心、3个历史文化风景旅游区和9个地区级商业中心;三是从清代至今,北京市老字号的空间集聚程度有所降低,集聚所依托的商业街区等级有所降低。对于老字号的空间发展,提出城市空间规划重视老字号的区位问题、政府采用多样化的老字号空间扶植政策等建议。

In recent years, the preservation and development of time-honored enterprises has attracted wide attention from the academic community and other fields. From the perspective of space, by presenting the spatial agglomeration of time-honored brand of Qing dynasty in Beijing and adopting GIS spatial analysis and Crime Stat hotspot analysis, the paper describes the spatial agglomeration features of existing time-honored brands in Beijing and compares the changes in two periods. The study shows the following results. Firstly, the time-honored brands had already agglomerated both in the city and outside the city in Qing dynasty, largely nine agglomeration areas. Secondly, the existing time-honored brands are distributed in fifteen agglomeration areas; namely, three traditional high-end commercial centers, three historical and cultural tourist attractions and nine regional-level commercial centers. Thirdly, from Qing Dynasty to the present, the spatial agglomeration level of Beijing time-honored brands has lowered and the ranks of commercial centers and blocks that support the agglomeration have also lowered. As to the spatial development of time-honored brand, the paper proposes the urban spatial planning, attaches importance to the location of time-honored brand and diversified polices of spatial development adopted by government.