从高产创建结果看云南马铃薯产量潜力

Analysis on Potato Yield Potential in Yunnan Based on High Yield Creation Result

云南省马铃薯常年播种面积65万hm^2，产量1050万t，面积和产量分别居中国第5位和第4位，但单位面积产量仅为16.1 t/hm^2，仅与全中国平均产量持平，只有发达国家的三分之一。近年，农业部和云南省推行高产创建活动，进行选用优良品种、使用脱毒种薯、测土配方和晚疫病综合防治等技术集成示范，取得明显增产效果。云南马铃薯种植面积最大的曲靖市，每年播种19万hm^2，平均单产25.77 t/hm^2，2010～2012年平均每年高产创建示范1万hm^2，平均单产32.23 t/hm^2，增产25.07%，达到亚洲发达国家水平。产量最低的州市是文山州，每年播种马铃薯1.69万hm^2，平均单产仅8.47 t/hm^2，单产不足云南省平均的一半。2010～2012年平均每年高产创建示范2100 hm^2，平均单产26.55 t/hm^2，增产213.46%。说明云南省马铃薯产量潜力巨大，通过先进技术集成、推广应用，可显著提高云南省马铃薯单产，并可缩小州市间的产量差距。

The area planted to potatoes in Yunnan Province was 650 000 hectares and the production was about 10.5 mil ion tons, ranking fifth and forth, respectively, in China. However, the yield per unit area was only 16.1 t/ha, the same as the average yield of the whole China and a third of developed countries. In recent years, the high yield creation action was implemented by Ministry of Agriculture and Yunnan Province and obtained obvious yield-increasing effects. The action included selection of good varieties, use of virus-free seed potatoes, soil testing and formulated fertilization, comprehensive prevention and treatment of potato late blight and other technologies. With 190 000 hectares planting area and 25.77 t/ha of average yield per unit area, Qujing City was the biggest potato planting area in Yunnan Province. From 2010 to 2012, the average area of high yield creation action demonstration fields was about 10 000 hectares each year and the average yield per unit area was 32.23 t/ha, the yield being increased by 25.07%, reaching the level of the developed countries in Asia. The potato yield of Wenshan Prefecture was the lowest in Yunnan Province with an area of about 16 900 hectares each year and the average yield per unit area of 8.47 t/ha. The yield per unit area in Wenshan Prefecture was only half of the whole province average yield. From 2010 to 2012, the average area of high yield creation action demonstration fields was about 2 100 hectares each year and the average yield per unit area was 26.55 t/ha, and the yield being increased by 213.46%. These il ustrated that the potato yield potential of Yunnan Province was huge. The potato yield of Yunnan Province could be enhanced and yield gap between cities be diminished by advanced technologies integration, application and extension.