信息治理与社会歧视——中国隐私立法的策略与实践

Information Governance and Social Discrimination:The strategy and practice legislation in China

隐私治理的实际效果,很大程度上取决于不同利益群体或个人的隐私偏好选择。信息时代下的隐私治理问题首先要回答的是谁在隐私保护中获益。传统的赋权式治理思路忽视决策者的认知能力和内心动机等心理影响因素,引发了统计性歧视和人格性歧视这两种偏差现象。研究表明,加强隐私控制会造成信息屏蔽,带来统计性歧视问题;而强化隐私自决则会诱导信号传递,带来人格性歧视问题。为了摆脱上述治理困境,应修正中国隐私治理的总体方向,探寻复杂约束条件下的隐私决策变量,采取温和适度且科学高效的干预措施,从而更加精确地预测和规制隐私行为。

The actual effect of privacy governance to a large extent depends upon the preferences expressed in the privacy choice of different interest groups or individuals.The issue of privacy governance in the information age must ask the question of who benefits from the protection of privacy.The traditional idea of entitlement governance often ignores the psychological factors of the decision maker,such as his/her cognitive ability and motivation.This causes statistical discrimination and personality discrimination.This study shows that reinforcing privacy control causes the problem of statistical discrimination by shielding normal information flow.At the same time,strengthening privacy self-management causes the problem of personality discrimination by inducing signal transmission.In order to resolve the above dilemmas,China should modify its overall direction of privacy governance,explore the privacy decision variables in the complex situation full of constraints,as well as taking moderate,scientific and efficient interventions.By doing so it can predict and regulate privacy acts in a more accurate manner.