无根之“群”:民国新女性的精神困境——以许广平及其经历的女师大学潮分化为例

Rootless“Collectives":Xu Guangping and the New Women's Spiritual Dilemma in the Republic of China

本研究通过对民国女师大学潮及学潮学生许广平的分析,试图讨论这样一个问题:以"新女性"为代表的中国现代个体具有怎样的群体观,这一观念在现实中对群体发展产生了什么影响,并使现代个体遭遇了何种困境?在对学潮事件进程与许广平个人思想发展的"互文式"解读中,笔者发现原本试图维护群体同质性的群体观却在现实情势的推动下,导致了群体的不断分化与最终解体,这一过程一方面使新女性重新陷入了孤独,另一方面,则使她们在缺乏现实群体的情况下,只能以"抽象"的个体牺牲方式实现自我对理想群体的归属和担当,而这一具体的表现就是对"血性"的坚守。不过,这种方式虽然能缓解她们有关"群体—个体"的内在张力,但是却对推动现实社会与群体的革新无能为力,使有关"群"的理想成为一种缺乏现实根基的抽象存在。

By analyzing the student strike in Women's Normal University in the Republic of China,this paper attempts to discuss the following questions:what do the modern individuals in China,such as the 'New Women',think of the concept of the collective? What is the effect of this notion of the collective on the development of the real collectives and the modem individual? By offering an intertextuality-style interpretation of the events of the strike and the personal thoughts of Xu Guangping,this study finds that the concept of the collective which intends to maintain the homogeneity of the group actually causes continuous differentiation of the group and leads to its final disintegration.This process not only results in the loneliness of the 'New Women',but also pushes them to choose an abstract form of self-sacrifice to connect themselves to and perform their duty for the ideal collective.In the absence of a real collective,it often means sticking to the notion of 'hot blood(血性) '.However,although this approach can alleviate the New Women's inherent 'collective-individual' tension,it does nothing to promote the development of the actual society and the collective,so the ideal of 'the collective' only exists as an abstract form,lacking real substance.