社会记忆研究:西方脉络、中国图景与方法实践

Social Memory Studies:Western lineage,Chinese perspectives,and methods

通过对中西方文献的梳理,本文勾勒出西方记忆研究的发展阶段和主要内容,分析了记忆的机制与分支记忆研究,同时归纳了中国记忆研究的"国家权力视角"、"社会群体视角"和"历史变迁视角",并提炼出"国家在场"、"底层立场"和"制度变迁"的中国记忆研究特点。在分析方法层面,本文总结了"符号和文本"、"口述史和民族志"、"比较历史"和"定量"四种路径。最后,在中西方对话的基础上,本文分析了中国记忆研究的社会意义和未来方向。

Based on a.thorough literature review,this paper outlines the developmental stages and the major problematics of the Western memory study,which include the studies on memory's mechanisms and its sub-categories.This paper also argues that the current Chinese memory studies can be summarized into three approaches,namely the state power approach,the social groups approach,and the historical transformation approach.These analyses illustrate three characteristics of the Chinese memory studies,i.e.,the state's presence,the subaltern stance,and institutional changes.Moreover,this paper puts forward and elaborates four representative analytical methods in memory studies,including the semiotic/textual analysis,oral history and ethnography,comparative and historical analysis,and quantitative analysis.Based on the dialogue between Chinese and Western academia,this paper explores the significance as well as the future direction of Chinese memory studies.