试论资本的本质与资本主义生产逻辑

On the Essence of Capital and Logic of Capitalistic Production

马克思认为资本不是抽象的物,也不仅仅是若干物质量的总和,而是一定社会历史条件下的社会生产关系,它包含了若干交换价值,是若干社会量的总和。资本主义社会的本质其实就是这种建立在雇佣劳动基础上的资本对劳动的剥削关系、统治关系、财产关系等。资本在不同的社会制度下都会促进生产力的快速发展,这并不存在意识形态的区别。因此,在经济社会较为落后的社会主义初级阶段就有必要借助资本的手段,通过发展社会主义公有资本来解放和发展社会生产力。

Marx believes that capital is neither something abstract nor the sum of the masses of many things, but the social relation of production in certain social and historical conditions. It is the sum of social mass quantity which contains much exchange value. The essence of capitalist society is exploitative relationship, dominating relationship, relationship of property between capital and labor which built on the wage labor. Under different social systems, capital will be destined to accelerate the productive development regardless of ideology. Thus it is necessary to use the public owned capital to liberate and develop the productive forces in the primary stage of socialism in which economy is comparatively backward.