绿色木霉TV41对尖孢镰刀菌FW0在西瓜植株空间分布和枯萎病防控效果的影响

Effects of Trichoderma viride TV41 on spatial distribution of Fusarium oxysporum FW0 around watermelon plant and fusarium wilt control

【目的】为进一步探究盆栽试验条件下绿色木霉TV41(Trichoderma viride TV41)对尖孢镰刀菌FW0(Fusarium oxysporum FW0)在西瓜植株空间分布的影响以及对西瓜枯萎病的防控效果。【方法】通过定期检测不同处理西瓜根际/根表尖孢镰刀菌的数量、西瓜植株根内/茎内尖孢镰刀菌的数量以及植株侧根被侵染比例和尖孢镰刀菌在植株内的侵染进程,进行多次盆栽试验并统计发病率。【结果】当绿色木霉和尖孢镰刀菌接种量均为5×105孢子/g基质时,绿色木霉TV41在西瓜根际/根表的定殖数量明显高于尖孢镰刀菌FW0的数量,接种了绿色木霉TV41的处理,根际/根表尖孢镰刀菌的数量(103 CFU/g基质)显著低于仅接种FW0的对照(104 CFU/g基质);绿色木霉TV41不仅能够有效减缓尖孢镰刀菌在西瓜植株内的侵染进程,而且能够有效降低西瓜植株根内、茎内尖孢镰刀菌的数量。与对照(只接种FW0)相比,接种绿色木霉后西瓜枯萎病的发病率从66%降低到27%。【结论】绿色木霉TV41能够通过影响尖孢镰刀菌FW0在西瓜植株的空间分布,从而有效防控西瓜枯萎病的发生,防控效果达到60%。

[Objective] To further explore the effect of Trichoderma viride TV41 on spatial distribution of Fusarium oxysporum FW0 around watermelon plant and fusarium wilt control of watermelon. [Methods] The number of F. oxysporum in plant rhizosphere, root surface, and internal of the plant was counted. The proportion of lateral roots infected by F. oxysporum and the infecting process of F. oxysporum in the plant were investigated. The pot experiment was carried out for three times and the incidence rate was recorded. [Results] The results showed that the number of TV41 was always significantly higher than that of F. oxysporum in watermelon rhizosphere when the inoculation concentration of TV41 and FW0 was same with 5×105 spores/g substrate. The number of F. oxysporum in plant rhizosphere, root surface of TV41＋FW0 treatment was 103 CFU/g substrate, which was decreased significantly compared with the control of 104 CFU/g substrate. The Trichoderma viride TV41 not only retarded the infecting process of F. oxysporum in plant, but also reduced the number of F. oxysporum in plant root and stem. The disease incidence was reduced greatly when TV41 was applied. [Conclusion] The T. viride TV41 can decrease disease incidence rate of Fusarium wilt of watermelon by 60% through impacting the spatial distribution of F. oxysporum around watermelon plant.