RANBP2基因突变导致的家族性急性坏死性脑病一家系报道

Clinical and genetic analysis of a family with familiar acute necrotizing encephalopathy due to mutation in the RANBP2 gene

目的：总结家族性急性坏死性脑病一家系的临床特点及治疗，提高对本病的认识。方法收集并分析深圳市儿童医院确诊的1例 RANBP2基因突变导致的家族性急性坏死性脑病患儿的临床资料，对其家族成员进行基因检查。结果患儿，女，分别在出生8个月、18个月、25个月发病3次。每次均因发热性感染疾病3~4 d 出现精神差，肢体震颤住院。第3次发病出现浅昏迷和抽搐，四肢肌张力增高，膝腱反射亢进。头颅 MRI 检查可见双侧丘脑、脑干、小脑、屏状核、海马长 T2信号，脑干、胼胝体以及颞叶顶叶扣带回等处异常信号。患儿第1次发病后基本恢复正常；第2次发病恢复到能说话，走路不稳；第3次发病后至今患儿意识清楚，不能说话和走路。患儿既往体健，有一姐姐出生18个月患脑干脑炎死亡。叔叔出生17个月发热抽搐后出现智力障碍。基因检测显示患儿及其父亲、叔叔、姑姑和祖母均为 RANBP2基因 c.1754C ﹥ T（p. Thr585Met）杂合错义突变。结论家族性急性坏死性脑病有典型临床症状和特征性 MRI 等表现，有家族史或反复发作病史者应尽早进行 RANBP2基因检测以明确诊断。

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations of familial acute necrotizing encephalopathy （ANE）and to improve the recognition of this disease. Methods The clinical data of a 25 - month - old girl with fa-milial and recurrent ANE with evidence of mutation in the RANBP2 gene were collected and analyzed,and the gene examination of their family members was performed. Results A previously healthy girl experienced recurrent ANE epi-sodes at the ages of 8 months,18 months and 25 months,respectively. At each beginning of each episodes the patient presented with lethargy and tremor of limbs following febrile illness of 3 - 4 days,even developed coma and convulsions in the last time. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral and high T2 signal changes in thalamus,cerebellum and hippocampus. Abnormal signals also appeared in the brainstem,claustrum,corpus scallosum and cortex（temporal, parietal and cingulate）also appeared abnormal signals. Spinal MRI showed spinal cord involvement. The girl recovered after her first episode;she could speak but could not walk steadily after the second time;after the third episode,al-though she regained consciousness from coma,she could no longer speak or walk. The patient＆#39;s sister died of encephali-tis at the age of 18 months. Her paternal uncle had suffered from dysnoesia from meningitis at his 17 months of age. The patient and her grandmother,father,uncle and one of her aunts harbored a mutation（c. 1754C ﹥ T）in RANBP2 gene. Conclusions Familial ANE has typical clinical manifestations and characteristic MRI findings. The patient with recur-rent history,especially with positive family history,should have the mutation in RANBP2 gene detected earlier in order to clarify the diagnosis of ANE.