授粉树比例与种子发育状况对‘富士’果形的影响

Influence of Pollination Trees Rate and Seed Development on Fuji Fruit Shape

研究不同授粉树比例与种子发育状况对晚熟‘富士’苹果果形的影响。选择15个白水县晚熟‘富士，果园（授粉树比例为5％、10％、15％、20％、25％的果园各3个），授粉树种为‘秦冠’，占地面积0．33hm2，管理措施相同。于成熟期（10月中旬）在树体外围随机采摘100个富士果实。测量其纵横径、果实半径，横切果实取出种子，记录种子数量、质量与种子分布情况。结果表明：在一定授粉树比例范围内（5％～25％），授粉树比例越大，果实偏斜率越小，超过20％，偏斜度DD值降低幅度不明显；果实种子数量与果实的横纵径间呈显著正相关，且与纵径间的相关性（R2=0．9054）大于与横径间的相关性（R2=0．6057）；种子发育不良（尤其2～3心室中种子均败育）、种子分布1／5～3／5心室中，易导致果实偏斜。可见，授粉树比例对‘富士’苹果果形影响效果显著，种子发育状况对果实发育以及果形有巨大作用，因此，可以将授粉树比例与种子发育状况结合起来研究‘富士’果形偏斜机制。

The objective of the study was to study the effect of proportion of pollination tree and seed development on the Fuji apple shape. Fifteen orchards where pollination trees were Qinguan were chosen in Baishui county, Shaanxi province. The rate of pollination trees was 50%, 10%, 15%, 20G and 25 %, and three orchards for each rate. 100 fruits were picked randomly when Fuji apple matured in each orchard. The vertical and horizontal diameter and the radius of the fruit were measured with the vernier caliper. Crosscut the fruits, then removed the seeds, and noted the seed number, seed weight, and the distribution of seeds. The results showed that the high of proportion of pollination trees, the slope smaller of the Fuji partial within limits. When it surpassed 20%, although the proportion increased, the deflection was not obvious. The correlation between seed number and the transverse and longitudinal diameter was significant positive, and the correlation between the longitudinal diameter（R2 =0. 905 4） was higher than the transverse diameter＇s （R2 =0. 605 7）. Seed were dysplastic（espeeially in 2-3 ventricular seed abortive） and unevenly distributed led to fruit malformation easily. The proportion of pollination tree and seed development had an important effect on the shape of Fuji fruit. So we can study the deflection combining the proportion of pollination tree with seed development.