北纬53°高寒地区世居汉族人群生理特征及常见疾病

The physiological characteristics and the most common diseases in the people living in the region from North Latitude 53°27'40″ to 53°29'30″

目的了解生活在北纬53°27＇40″~53°29＇30″高寒地区世居汉族人的生理特征及多发常见疾病。方法采用整体取样。研究对象纳入标准为：18岁及18岁以上;至少三代生活在该地区,无异民族婚配者。通过现场问卷调查、常规体检和生化指标测定,获得研究对象的人口学、人体学资料和血清生化参数。结果该地区总人口有2 806人,18岁及18岁以上人口有1 145人,本次参加者1 064人,未参加者81人,占该年龄段人口总数93%,男性489人（45.96%）,平均年龄（48.8±13.5）岁;女性575人（54.04%）,平均年龄（47.1±13.8）岁。经常吸烟、饮酒人数分别为29.23%和18.14%。男性收缩压和舒张压水平均高于女性,分别为（126±16）mm Hg比（120±22）mm Hg和（83±10）mm Hg比（77±13）mm Hg（P〈0.001）。男性TG、AST、ALT、GGT和UA水平高于女性（P〈0.01）。常见疾病有高血压（22.84%）,肥胖（19.68%）,高三酰甘油血症（18.74%）,高胆固醇血症（17.12%）和脑卒中（4.63%）。结论初步结果表明,超重、肥胖及脂代谢紊乱是该人群主要生理特征;肥胖和经常大量饮酒是心脑血管病高发的主要病因之一;较低动脉血氧饱和度是代谢综合征的主要危险因素。

Objective To explore the physiological characteristics and the most common diseases in the people living in the region from North Latitude 53°27＇40″ to 53°29＇30″. Methods A whole sampling design method was used in a population living at the region from North Latitude 53°27＇40″ to 53°29＇30″. All people were included in this study. The inclusion criteria were that all participants were 18 years or older,they were descendants of at leastthree generations living in the same region,and there was no history of intermarriage. Interviewers administered a simple questionnaire to collect demographic and behavioural risk data. The anthropometric parameters were obtained by the medical examination. The prevalence of some common diseases（ such as hypertension,obesity,diabetes,etc）. Results 1） 1 064 people were included in this study,of them,489（ 45. 96%） were males,mean age（ 48. 8 ± 13. 5） years; 575（ 54. 04%） were females,mean age（ 47. 1 ± 13. 8） years. The proportion of excessive drinking（ more than 4 days in a week,and more than 250 g for each day） was 18. 14%（ 193 /1 064） in the participants. The level of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in males were higher than that in females,they were SBP（ 126 ± 16） mm Hg vs（ 120 ± 22） mm Hg and（ 83 ± 10） mm Hg vs（ 77 ± 13） mm Hg（ P〈0. 001）. The levels of TG,UA,AST,ALT and GGT were higher in males than that in females（ P 〈0. 01）. Some common diseases： the prevalence of hypertension, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and stroke was22. 84%,19. 68%,18. 74%,17. 12% and 4. 63%,respectively. The prevalence of abnormal liver function was26. 41% in all participants. Conclusions The main physiological characteristics are high prevalence of overweight / obesity and dyslipidemia,common diseases are hypertention and stroke. Obesity and excessive drinking may be the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease high prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in this population.