浙江省海洋水质监测浮标设计与实现

Design and Implementation of the Marine Water Quality Monitoring Buoy in the Zhejiang Province

作为一种高技术监测手段,海洋浮标可实现现场自动监测而不受恶劣海况的影响,近年来得到了广泛的重视和快速发展。文中介绍了浙江近岸海域海洋水质监测浮标的结构设计和自动监测实现。浮标设计为生态浮标、海滨浮标和专项浮标3种类型,由浮体、标架、供电设备、防护设备、锚系、传感器、数据采集传输、电子/电池舱、岸站接收系统等9个部分组成。浮体设计为圆饼形,浮体下方正中安装稳定锤以保证具备足够的稳定性。供电设备由太阳能电池板、大容量蓄电池组成,可保障海上30 d连续阴雨天气、恶劣海况下的不间断供电。浮标经喷防污漆、牺牲阳极保护、裹铜皮、加过滤网和人工清除等5种方法防腐、防污处理后投放入海,采用常规维护、应急维护和年度维护等3种方式保障浮标系统运行稳定。投放后可实现对标浮所在海域水质、气象、生态等参数的连续、实时、自动监测。最后对浮体直径设计和浮标投放点选址提出了建议和要求。该设计可为其它类似区域的水质监控提供良好的参考。

As a high-tech means of marine monitoring, autonomous monitoring buoy are winning broad popularity and developing rapidly in recent years. This paper primarily introduces the design and implementation of the marine water quality monitoring buoy used in the coastal waters off the Zhejiang Province. There are three types of buoys： eco-buoys, beach-buoys and special buoys. Each buoy is composed of 9 parts： floating body, bracket,power supply equipment, protective equipment, anchor, sensors, data acquisition and transmission, electronic/battery compartment and shore station. Before putting into operation in the ocean, the buoy was treated for anticorrosion and anti-marine biofouling. Three ways were used to protect the stability of the buoy system after deploying in the ocean： regular maintenance, emergency maintenance and annual maintenance. It can obtain continuous, real-time and automatic monitoring on water quality and meteorological, ecological and other parameters. Finally, several suggestions about buoy design and placement are also put forward with the consideration on the marine environment, seabed topography, hydrological conditions and communication network.This new design provides a good reference for water quality monitoring in other similar areas.