青海撒拉族侧面部几何形态测量分析

Side Contour of the Human Face and its Variations in the Sala Ethnic Minorities

采用基于标志点的几何形态学测量方法对青海循化撒拉族自治县的撒拉族男性82人侧面轮廓形状进行了分析。撒拉族人群额部的变异主要体现在第7、8特征点区域(鼻凹点之上区域),额部其他区域的形态变异较小,而鼻区、嘴唇及下巴区域的形态变异较大,这些特征与土族较相似。同时,撒拉族也显示出明显区别于土族、藏族的形态。如撒拉族额部比较突出,显得前倾,额部相对较长,唇部相对土族较回缩。撒拉族额部特征点集的面积较大,可能反映了撒拉族额部的变异大于土族、藏族。聚类分析显示,男性两类侧面轮廓的差异主要集中在额部,与土族的类别间差异有相似之处。异速生长分析显示,尺寸大小能够解释形状变异的5.51%,随着CS值的增大,额部和下巴部变化明显,额度由陡直趋向于变得平缓,下巴部也随CS值的增大由较突出变为明显回缩。土族、藏族也是随着CS值的增大,额部由陡直趋向于变得平缓,下巴部由较突出变为明显回缩,似乎提示撒拉族、土族、藏族有相似的面部形态变化规律:长面型者的额部较低平,下巴部较回缩。

This study analyzes the contour of facial profi les of the Sala ethnic group from Qinhai Province.The forehead of the Sala ethnic group has undergone small morphological variations,largely concentrated on the 7th and 8th landmarks.Areas around the nose,lips and chin are identifi ed with relatively large variations.All of these features share affi nities with the Tu ethnic group,however the two groups also differ in a number of ways.The Sala group has a much extruded and long forehead,a more intruded lips.The landmark area in forehead of the Sala group is larger and possibly suggests greater variations than in the Tu ethnic group.The cluster analysis shows that the major difference between the two Sala groups is refl ected in the facial profi le,which is similar to males of the Tu ethnic group.Allometric analysis indicates that the shapes of the facial profi le are slightly impacted by their size.With an increase in CS（centriod size）,variations of the forehead and the chin become more apparent.While the forehead becomes fl atter,the chin is more intruded;as also seen in the Tu and Zang ethnic groups.In other words,those individuals with long faces tend to have fl atter foreheads and less prominent chins.