2010～2014年湖南某三甲医院住院儿童疾病谱及死因分析

Disease spectrum and causes of death in hospitalized children in an upper first-class hospital in Hunan Province, China, from 2010 to 2014

目的了解湖南某三甲医院住院儿童的疾病构成及死因,为儿童疾病的预防、治疗等提供参考依据。方法对湖南某三甲医院2010～2014年住院儿童的病历资料进行回顾性分析。结果 2010～2014年5年间,该院住院儿童人数由2010年的7 303例增长至2014年的10 902例,病死率则由0.33%下降至0.20%（P〈0.05）。婴儿病死率最高（0.41%）,新生儿病死率最低（0.11%）。住院儿童疾病构成中,2010年前3位病种为白血病、先天性心脏病和肺炎;2011年前3位为肿瘤化疗、先天性心脏病和肺炎;从2012年开始肿瘤化疗、癫癎和肺炎居前3位。住院儿童的前3位死因分别为先天性畸形（39%,39/99）、肿瘤（13%,13/99）和传染病/寄生虫病（8%,8/99）。结论该院住院儿童人数不断增长,病死率呈下降趋势;不同年龄段患儿病死率不同。肿瘤、癫癎、肺炎和先天性心脏病是儿童住院的主要病种,先天畸形为首要死因。

Objective To study the disease spectrum and causes of death in hospitalized children in an upper first-class hospital in Hunan Province, China. Methods The medical records of hospitalized children between 2010 and 2014 in this hospital were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results From 2010 to 2014, the number of hospitalized children increased from 7 303 in 2010 to 10 902 in 2014, and the case fatality rate declined from 0.33% to 0.20%（P〈0.05）. The case fatality rate was highest（0.41%） in infants and lowest（0.11%） in newborns. As for the disease spectrum for these hospitalized children, in 2010, the top three diseases were leukemia, congenital heart disease, and pneumonia; in 2011, the top three diseases were tumor chemotherapy, congenital heart disease, and pneumonia; since 2012, tumor chemotherapy, epilepsy, and pneumonia had remained the top three diseases. The top three causes of death in hospitalized children were congenital malformation（39%, 39/99）, tumor（13%, 13/99）, and infectious diseases/parasitic diseases（8%, 8/99）. Conclusions The number of hospitalized children is increasing, while the case fatality rate tends to decrease in this hospital. Tumor, epilepsy, pneumonia, and congenital heart disease are major diseases in hospitalized children, and congenital malformation is the primary cause of death.