种植密度与品种类型对渭北旱地春玉米产量和光能利用的影响

Effects of planting density and variety on growth and RUE of spring maize in Weibei highland

【目的】探讨渭北旱塬春玉米田不同种植密度和不同品种类型处理对春玉米生长、产量及光能利用效率的影响,为渭北旱塬区旱地玉米稳产高产提供理论依据。【方法】以豫玉22(平展型)、郑单958(紧凑型)和先玉335(耐密型)为供试品种,设置5.25,6.75,8.25和9.75万株/hm2 4种密度处理,研究各生育时期玉米群体叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质积累、产量及其性状、光能利用率(RUE)、水分利用效率(WUE)和经济效益的变化规律。【结果】增加种植密度可以提高春玉米LAI和群体干物质积累量,进而提高春玉米群体对旱地光能和水分的利用,最终实现增产增收;不同密度下以8.25万株/hm2的产量最高,平均产量达8.97t/hm2,群体光能利用效率达1.50左右;各品种间耐密性以先玉335最好,郑单958次之,豫玉22较差。【结论】在渭北旱塬春玉米种植区,应适当增加种植密度,同时应选育紧凑、耐密型品种。本试验条件下,先玉335在8.25万株/hm2密度下产量和纯收益最高,为渭北旱塬较适宜的春玉米密度和种植模式。

【Objective】The effects of planting density and spring maize variety on growth,yield and radiation use efficiency in Weibei highland were studied.【Method】Field experiments were conducted using three spring maize cultivars Yuyu 22（plat leaf type）,Zhengdan 958（compact leaf type）,and Xianyu 335（high planting density type）,as well as four planting population densities of 52 500,67 500,82 500and97 500plants/hm^2.【Result】Increasing plant density improved the radiation use efficiency（RUE）,water use efficiency（WUE）and yield and income by increasing leaf area index（LAI）and dry matter quantity.The highest average yield was 8.97t/hm^2 when the density was 82 500plants/hm^2 and the RUE was 1.50.The density-tolerance was in a decreasing order of Xianyu 335〉Zhengdan 958〉Yuyu 22.【Conclusion】Increasing plant density and selecting compact leaf and high planting density spring maize types was suggested in Weibei highland.In this experiment,Xianyu 335 at 82 500plants/hm^2 had the highest yield and income,so it is in the best combination in Weibei highland.