道家德性论的基本特征

On the Characteristics of Taoist Virtue Theory

道家德性论的独特之处就在于:将形而上的"道"当作思考社会人生问题的起点,并主张效仿"道"的公正无私来守护生命。对于道家而言,人的本性、"德"是"道"的具体表现形式,所以完全顺应自己的本性就能够确保人拥有德性。同时,道家确信"心""知"也是人的本性所固有的功能,并且提出虚静之心是拥有真知与实践智慧的先决条件。此外,道家的德性论还涉及到公正理论以及有关享乐、政治权力等问题,同时由于尊重每个个体生命的平等观念而受到后世学者的青睐。

The characteristics of Taoist virtue theory was upheld the Tao,and advocated that human beings should guard life impartially.As for the Taoist,De was used to represent human nature and the specific form of the Tao.Therefore,virtue meant human beings must completely conform to their own nature.On the other hand,the Taoist ensured Xin and Zhi also were the inherent functions of human beings,which could keep Xu-jing and generate knowledge or practical wisdom.Moreover,Taoist virtue theory was concerned such issues as justice,pleasure,political power and so on,and praised highly by many ancient scholars because of respecting each individual life and the concept of equality.