福利缺失视角下农民工城市就业生命历程分析

An Analysis on the Life Course of Migrant Workers' Urban Employment on the Perspective of Welfare Missing

受制度性约束,农民工城市就业一直被排斥在城市福利之外。本研究借助生命历程理论、运用案例研究方法讨论福利缺失背景下农民工城市就业的生命历程。分析表明,农民工城市就业福利需求表现为务工前期收入效应稀释激发福利意识萌芽、中期收入增加受限转而谋求福利待遇改善、后期福利缺失引致城市融入链条断裂的生命历程,而这种收入与福利的需求转变是农民工城市就业福利缺失条件下追求自身阶段性收益最大化的一种理性渐变。针对我国城市劳动力市场的复杂性,同时考虑到农民工群体福利需求的现实紧迫性,应分层次分阶段推进福利供给和以需求最旺的福利项目为突破口的两条福利供给的选择路径。本研究还对我国福利政策制定的理论基础进行了微观讨论。

Migrant workers have always been excluded from the welfare system of urban employment by institutional constraints. This paper introduced life-course theory and used case study to discuss the life course of migrant workers' urban employment under the background of welfare missing. Results showed that: there are three different stages in the life course of migrant workers' urban employment,that is welfare effect is bigger than income effect in the first stage,and then income effect exceeds welfare effect in the following stage,and finally migrant workers have to leave the city at the absence of welfare,the demand for this kind of change between income and welfare is a rational choice of migrant workers to maximize their own income on the condition of welfare missing. In view of the complex and huge labor market,this paper,taking into account the practical necessity of migrant workers' welfare needs,proposed two possible ways to promote the welfare levels of migrant workers: the phased supply and the most prosperous welfare programs. This paper also discussed that whether to make an effective welfare policy to develop migrant workers' welfare levels.