典型建筑火灾风险评估体系及其软件开发

Fire risk assessment for typical buildings and software development

为提升建筑单体火灾风险评估的科学性及实用性,将聚类分析与层次分析(AHP)相结合运用到建筑火灾风险评估体系。根据建筑使用特性,采用兼具定性和半定量方法优点的AHP法建立5类典型建筑火灾风险评估体系,结合问卷调查和聚类分析确定评估体系中的指标权重值;然后通过指标因子打分,最终确定建筑物的火灾风险等级。采用Visual Basic.NET编程语言开发建筑消防安全等级评估软件,用此软件评估武汉某大型商场火灾风险。结果表明,该商场的安全等级为Ⅱ级,低度火险,此结果与其实际消防安全情况一致。

For the sake of improving the scientificity and practicability of building fire risk assessment,a new risk assessment method combining cluster analysis and AHP was worked out in the building fire risk assessment system. Firstly,5 kinds of fire risk assessment systems for typical buildings were established according to the characteristics of buildings,employing AHP which has the advantages of both semi-quantitative methods and qualitative methods. And questionnaire and cluster analysis were integrated to calculate the weight values of indexes in the assessment system. Through scoring on each index,the fire risk level for a building can be assessed. Then on basis of the above theory,a Building Fire Safety Level Calculator was developed by using of Visual Basic. NET. The fire risk of a mall in Wuhan was assessed by using of the calculator. The result shows that the mall is at a fire safety level of Ⅱ,low fire danger,which conforms with its real fire safety situation.