绿闪灯对电动自行车停驶决策行为的安全影响

Safety effect of flashing green on e-bikes' stop-go decision-making behavior

为剖析绿闪灯对电动自行车停驶决策行为的安全影响机理,采用视频处理软件提取电动自行车决策过程中的驾驶行为参数,基于加速度状态的变化趋势获得决策点数据,并运用该数据计算潜在通行时间,分析绿闪灯设置对电动自行车通过Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类进退两难区(DZ)的影响。结果表明,绿闪灯促使电动自行车驾驶员更早地作出停驶决策,易导致激进通过行为;其有效消除Ⅰ类进退两难区的同时增加了决策选择区,降低了电动自行车停驶决策的可靠性;其增加了驾驶员的可控决策时间,使Ⅱ类进退两难区远离交叉口,但未消减Ⅱ类进退两难区的区间大小,未减弱驾驶员决策-反应过程的复杂性和不确定性。绿闪灯的合理设置能有效改善信号交叉口处电动自行车的安全运行状况。

The purpose of this paper is to dissect safety impact mechanism of flashing green on e-bikes＇ stop-go decision-making behavior. A piece of image-processing software was used to obtain the drivers＇ behavior parameters reflecting different performance characteristics. A method was developed to identify decision points by the change trend of acceleration. Based on analysis of decision points and potential time,impacts of flashing green on type I DZ and type II dilemma zones were studied. Results show that,firstly,green flashing urges e-bicycle drivers to make stop decision earlier,meanwhile,which will cause the radical pass behavior. Secondly,green flashing can eliminate effectively DZ and make indecision zone away from the intersection,the reliability of the e-bike ＇s stopped decision-making is also reduced. Thirdly,green flash eliminated effectively the class I DZ and increased the making-decision selection area,which reduced the reliability of the e-bicycle＇s stopped decision-making. Green flash increased the drivers＇ decision time,which made the e-bicycle＇s class II DZ away from the intersection,but the size of class II DZ was not reduced,meanwhile,the complexity and uncertainty of the drivers＇ decision reaction process were not reduced. Reasonable setting of flashing green can improve effectively e-bikes＇ operation safety at signalized intersections.