考虑声光刺激对人员生理心理扰动的应急疏散研究

Emergency evacuation study considering physiological and psychological effects of acoustic and photic stimuli on evacuees

为深入研究应急疏散中声光刺激对人员生理和心理扰动的影响,提出从微观方面监测人员疏散过程生理指标变化的方法。运用试验生成系统(E-Prime)软件模拟火灾环境,记录被测人员在无刺激、声刺激、光刺激和声光刺激条件下的应急反应过程,分析人员反应速率及反应倾向性;探究被测人员在各情景下的心率、心电和血压等生理指标变化情况,通过研究这些指标的变动规律,剖析其与被测者心理活动的关系。结果表明,声光刺激对应急疏散下人员反应速率及反应倾向性影响显著,会引起心率、心电图和血压等生理数据波动;还会使人员产生紧张、恐慌情绪,并加重恐慌心理下出现的从众行为。

For the sake of investigating effects of acoustic-photic-stimuli on evacuees physiologically and psychologically,an effective method of monitoring personal physiological and psychological indicators during evacuation from a microscopic aspect was worked out. A fire environment was simulated based on E-Prime,personal emergency responses were recorded under conditions of no-stimulation,acoustic-stimulus,photic-stimulus,and acoustic-photic-stimulus respectively. The reaction rate and reaction tendency were analyzed. The G3 D multi-parameter monitor was applied to monitor the heart rate,electrocardiogram,non-invasive measurement of blood pressure physiological parameters under different conditions. By studying the changing law of these physiological indexes,relationships between the psychological activities and physiological parameters were analyzed. Experimental results show that the acoustic-photic-stimuli have an effect on reaction rate and reaction tendency of evacuees,and significantly affect the physiological data,and that they also provoke emotions of tension and panic,and reinforce the tendency to follow the herd.