论信息网络技术滥用行为的刑事责任——《刑法修正案(九)》相关条款的理解与适用

On the Criminal Liability of the Abuse of Information Network Technology: Understanding and Application of Relevant Provisions of the Amendment Ⅸ to the Criminal Law

刑法修正案(九)相关规定从主客观相一致的角度建构信息网络技术支持、帮助这一中性业务行为的刑事责任体系。"明知他人利用信息网络实施犯罪"是信息网络服务者承担刑事责任的主观前提,应将之严格解释为符合刑法相应规定犯罪构成的、应被认定为相应罪名的犯罪行为。明知分为确知与应知;确知的判断标准是被帮助者的明显犯罪性及帮助行为的相当关联性;技术支持、帮助对象系利用信息网络实施犯罪且超过中性业务行为总量半数以上的,推定为应知。信息网络技术支持、帮助的客观归责依据是制造法律禁止的风险。因果关系是其承担刑事责任的客观基础,应以中性业务行为与损害结果是否具有客观归责性为标准予以判断。正当业务抗辩是出罪机制,应以行为风险、社会常识、职业相当性等要素综合判断信息网络技术支持、帮助是否具有正当性。

The relevant provisions of the amendment IX to the criminal law, from the perspective of sub- jective shall be accordance with objective, construct a system of criminal responsibility of supporting or helping behavior, the neutral business behavior with information network technology. ＂Knowing that others use informa- tion network to commit crimes＂, which is the subjective premise of the criminal responsibility to the informa- tion network service, should be strictly interpreted as a crime that is in accordance with the relevant provisions of the criminal law. ＂Knowingly＂ classifies into ＂known＂ and ＂should have known＂, The judgment criterion of ＂known＂ is the obvious criminal nature of be helped and the correlation of helping behavior; Technical sup- porting or helping with the information network to commit crimes, whose amount is more than half of the total neutral business behavior, should be presumed to be ＂should have known＂. To create risks of the legal prohibi- tion is the objective imputation basis of supporting or helping with information network technology. As the rela- tionship is the objective basis of the criminal responsibility, the judgment criterion is that whether or not the neutral business behavior and the result of damage have the objective imputation. Legitimate business defense is the mechanism of decriminalization. We should judge whether the behavior is reasonable or not based on a comprehensive judgment of behavior of risk, social knowledge, occupational equivalence elements etc.