美国气候政策制定:市场与政府之间的选择?(英文)

Climate Policies in the United States: A Choice between the Market and Government?

美国气候政策辩论，在很大程度上受两分法框架的引导：有关政策是“以政府为基础”，还是“以市场为基础”？后者被普遍认为是首选：让经济利益而不是政府的硬性规则，规范企业的排放行为。然而，美国建立碳交易体制的立法经历显示，以政府作用的大小来界定气候政策有一定误导性。由于牵涉的经济关系格外复杂，建立和运营所谓“以市场为基础”的减排体制，对政府规则制定的依赖及受政治因素的制约，未必低于甚至可能超过其他选择。

The domestic debate of U.S. climate policy is framed to a large extent in a dichotomy between government-based and market-oriented approaches. The latter, which allows economic interests instead of rigid government measures to regulate corporate emissions, has been commonly considered as the first choice. However, the U.S. legislative process of the carbon trade mechanism shows that the approach to define climate policy by governmental contributions is misguiding. Due to complicated economic relations involved, the market-oriented emission reduction mechanism is not necessarily less, and possibly more, dependent on government regulations and constrained by political factors.