明清以来鄱阳湖区渔政制度初探——以鄱阳县为中心

A preliminary study of fishery system in Poyang Lake area since Ming and Qing Dynasty: a case study of Poyang County

渔政制度是国家经济制度的重要制度之一,渔业赋税是国家赋税的重要补充。鄱阳湖是中国第一大淡水湖,鄱阳湖区渔政在明清江西国家政权建设中占据一定的地位。本文以鄱阳县为中心,具体考察明清以来鄱阳湖区渔政管理及其自治因子——河泊所、渔行、保甲制度与民间俗信。河泊所是明清时期鄱阳湖渔政及赋税管理机构;渔行是民间社会渔业管理的辅助机构,它具有调节渔业纠纷、贩卖转销鲜(干)鱼、结队团体围捕、民间渔业资本借贷的社会职能;保甲制度与民间俗信规范与制约着渔民的生产、生活,主客观上对乡村渔业社会管理有着自治作用,三者互补。在鄱阳湖区,形成在国家治理大背景下,渔行为辅的乡村保甲制度与俗信自治的鄱阳湖渔政管理的共治发展,繁荣鄱阳湖区渔业。

The fishery system is one of the most important systems in the national economic system,and the fishery tax is an important complement to national taxes. Poyang Lake is China＇s largest freshwater lake,and Poyang Lake area occupies an important role in fishery in Jiangxi. Poyang County is cited as the example to study Poyang Lake Fishery Management factor,namely the bureau of river and lake,fishing association,Baojia system and folk customs.The three factors complement one another,and form a mutual complementary management system,with the national governance playing the leading role,and the other two factors playing auxiliary role. This system is a combination of fishery management and political governance,which gives impetus to the fishery development.